Introduction On October 7, 2023 Hamas launched a mass attack on communities and military bases in southern Israel. Over 1,100 people were killed on this one day, a majority of them civilians, and over 250 civilians and soldiers were taken hostage. Israel’s airstrikes in the Gaza Strip began that same evening, and a largescale ground…

Introduction The Treaty of Versailles opened an age of broken promises. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points elevated self-determination into a universal principle, and the world’s stateless peoples believed it applied to them. The Kurds were betrayed and paid the highest price. Today roughly 40 million Kurds — the largest stateless nation on earth — live in…

Introduction One of history’s most troubling paradoxes concerns the Jewish people. For nearly two thousand years, Jews experienced persecution, expulsions, pogroms, discrimination, and ultimately the Holocaust, in which six million Jews were murdered. Yet within a few decades of establishing Israel, many observers came to view the Jewish state as responsible for the dispossession, occupation,…

For the past year the author of this article has, with a Canadian colleague, been deeply involved in an unofficial (“Track II”) diplomatic effort to create a solid foundation for successful Israel-Lebanon direct talks. We are doing our best to facilitate negotiations aimed at permanently ending 78 years of hostilities and instituting close, bilateral security…